During which phase of a court trial are leading questions permitted?

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Leading questions are permitted during the cross-examination of an adverse witness because this phase is specifically designed to challenge the testimony provided during direct examination by the opposing party. Leading questions suggest the answer within the question itself and aim to elicit specific responses from the witness. This technique is particularly useful in cross-examination, where the attorney seeks to test the credibility and reliability of the witness's testimony.

During direct examination of a friendly witness, leading questions are generally not allowed as they can manipulate the witness's responses and undermine the integrity of their testimony. Opening statements serve to outline each party's case to the jury but do not involve questioning of witnesses. Closing arguments are summaries of the case rather than a phase of witness examination, and they also do not permit questions. Thus, cross-examination stands out as the only phase where leading questions play a legitimate and strategic role.